Real modern agricultural technology in Dutch smart glass greenhouse

The glass (sunshine board) greenhouse vegetable cultivation in the Netherlands has a history of hundreds of years. In these more than 100 years, the cultivation of glass (sunshine board) greenhouse vegetables has been operated by family farms. In the face of competition from strong hands like forests, planting They use the best propagation materials in production, efficient management and quality control, and a fast distribution system that combines planting and trade. This has greatly promoted the development of infrastructure and has continuously improved the Dutch glass greenhouse vegetable planting technology. Now, The annual output value of vegetables grown in Dutch glass (sun panel) greenhouses reaches 1.4 billion US dollars, accounting for 7.5% of the total agricultural output value, and three-quarters of the products are exported to all parts of the world.

Strong regional characteristics

As early as the end of the 19th century, the Netherlands began to cultivate vegetables in glass (sun panel) greenhouses. At first, glass (sun panel) greenhouse gardening was concentrated in the area between Rotterdam and The Hague in the west of the Netherlands, and later extended to Asmer in the area south of Amsterdam. Due to the limited land area in the densely populated western region, the southern and northern regions The glass (sun panel) greenhouse horticulture industry has been developed intensively. The main reason for the formation of this kind of glass (sun board) greenhouse gardening phenomenon is only concentrated in a few areas is because of the good local foundation, where there are supply companies, qualified talents, good weather conditions, a broad market, and developed Transportation and communication facilities.

As far as climate is concerned, the benefits of glass (sun board) greenhouse horticulture planting areas depend to a large extent on climatic conditions. Temperature, humidity and sunshine are the determinants of the output per square meter of glass (sun board) greenhouses. Most greenhouses The concentration in coastal areas is no coincidence. Because the coastal areas are warm in winter and cool in summer, they have the best conditions for glass (sun panel) greenhouse gardening. Therefore, the area of ​​vegetable greenhouses on the western coast of the Netherlands is very large and regional. 170,000 laborers are engaged every year. Glass (sunlight board) greenhouse vegetable planting work.

High degree of specialization

The total area of ​​the Dutch glass (sun panel) greenhouse is more than 1 million square meters, of which the area used for growing vegetables is 420,000 square meters. It is operated by 4,400 farms, and each farm has an average of 9,600 square meters of glass (sun panel) greenhouses. There are many varieties of glass (sunshine board) greenhouse vegetables, which are generally planted according to the needs of the consumer market. Among them, tomatoes are 110,000 square meters, sweet peppers 100,000 square meters, cucumbers 80,000 square meters, in addition to strawberries, eggplants, lettuce, and chicory , Zucchini, sweet peas, etc. In the Dutch glass (sun board) greenhouse vegetables are cultivated by professional farms. Generally, a farm only grows one type of vegetable. This method of selecting a specific variety can allow the grower to concentrate on one subject and strive for excellence in technical knowledge. It not only helps to increase the yield, but also ensures that the vegetables grown are of high quality.

Good automation performance

Another reason for the good development of the Dutch glass (sunshine board) greenhouse vegetable industry is the good automation performance of the greenhouse. Growers benefit from the supplier’s computer control system for the construction of glass (sun panel) greenhouses, water and fertilizer supply, substrates, climate, light, crop breeding, seed production, crop protection, mechanical operations, internal and external transportation, and grading and packaging. All adopt corresponding automatic control system. Computers play an important role in the Dutch vegetable glass (sun panel) greenhouse. The computer can not only control water, fertilizer, climate, temperature, humidity, ventilation, and carbon dioxide content in the air, but also control the solar radiation rate in the greenhouse. When the sun is too strong, the sunshade will automatically lower; when the humidity is not enough, it will automatically spray; in the grading and packaging system, the optical sensor device replaces the human eye.

When the improvement of the plant environment has developed to a considerable level, the original soil type is no longer important, and it is replaced by substrate cultivation. In the Dutch glass (sun board) vegetable greenhouse, all fruits and vegetables are planted on the substrate. It is helpful to the development of plant root system, and can better provide nutrients according to plant needs, and effectively prevent some soil-borne diseases. At present, the sales of Dutch automated smart glass (sun panel) greenhouses have accounted for 80% of the world market share.

Strict ecological requirements

Dutch consumers are demanding. They require glass (sun panel) greenhouse vegetables to be grown in an environment as pollution-free as possible, and the Dutch government has also introduced a series of policies to reduce environmental damage. In the Netherlands, vegetables produced in glass (sun panel) greenhouses are grown under the guidance of the government's Environmental Awareness Cultivation Law (MBT), based on biological control and protection of crops, and only non-toxic chemical pesticides are allowed. All growers who participate in MBT It is necessary to record the use of chemical fertilizers, crop protection products, energy and water during the planting process, and consciously reduce the use of plant protection chemicals. The soil cultivation method in the greenhouse generally uses steam to fumigate the soil to remove Pests.

According to Dutch decree, irrigation water not absorbed by plants shall not be discharged into surface water. They adopted a closed system to collect irrigation wastewater for recycling. According to the decree of the Dutch government, the growers of glass (sun panel) greenhouse vegetables must meet certain standards in waste classification, substrate reuse, energy, water and fertilizer, and plant protection product use before they can apply for the green label. Products produced under the circumstances of the environment are eligible to obtain the Ecological (ECO) mark to enter the market.

Good integrated operation service

Dutch glass (sun board) greenhouse vegetable growers, crop breeders, traders, and research and promotion service units jointly implement comprehensive control of the integrated production chain to improve the circulation channels of products from producers to consumers. They reached Agreements on production methods, transportation, inspection, and division of responsibilities.

There are currently 11 vegetable auction markets in the Netherlands, with more than 12,000 members, including vegetable growers. The vegetables sold in these 11 auction markets account for 86% of the country's total output of glass greenhouses. At present, vegetable sales in the Netherlands have adopted the electronic bidding system through special long-term or short-term cooperation. Buyers can buy vegetables from low to high bids thousands of miles away.

The close cooperation between Dutch research, extension services and education is a major feature of its glass (sunshine board) greenhouse vegetable production. From technical secondary school to university, in different levels of agricultural education, as long as it involves glass (sunshine board) ) For the cultivation of greenhouse vegetables, a wide range of professional courses in cultivation and trade will be set up for learners to choose.

The growers of glass (sunshine board) greenhouse vegetables also attach great importance to promotion, because continuous optimization of the production process means continuous improvement of sales effects. With the efforts of the growers, the information service station controlled by the government in the past has now become a An independent organization that improves the quality of professional promotion and services through cooperation with gardening organizations. The growers also actively participate in the study group, learn new planting methods and exchange experiences under the guidance of agricultural extension experts. The study group conducts activities under the organization of the Netherlands Horticultural Study Group (NTS), which has promoted the development of the entire vegetable industry. The role of.