Several problems and countermeasures of organic vegetable planting management in solar greenhouse

　　solar greenhouse production is our country’s sunshine project, and the national solar greenhouse area has reached 330,000 hectares (4.9 million mu) This technology is used more widely in Northeast China. The area of ​​solar greenhouse in Liaoning Province ranks first in the country. However, the population of Northeast China is concentrated and the winter is long. This situation is far from meeting the needs of people’s lives. Production technology has become the top priority. This article mainly discusses and researches in several aspects such as greenhouse construction and management, seed selection and cultivation, and seedling management.

　　I. Analysis of the cultivation methods of organic vegetables in the northeast solar greenhouse

　　The production of vegetables in the solar greenhouse varies greatly in different production areas, different soils and climate conditions. Greenhouse production in Northeast China should start from the following aspects:

　　1. According to the Northeast climate conditions, design solar greenhouse and heat preservation

　　The heat of solar greenhouse mainly comes from solar radiation. The construction of the greenhouse is usually selected in a place with sufficient sunshine leeward, and traffic and other issues must also be considered. The most important thing is to do a good job in the thermal insulation design of the greenhouse, especially the soil. The easiest and most feasible method is to dig a cold-proof trench around the greenhouse, cover the trench with plastic film, fill it with weeds, etc., and cover it with a layer Plastic film, and filled with soil.

　　2. Make full use of the natural conditions in the Northeast to prepare the bed soil.

　　The black soil in the northeast region contains extremely high organic matter, the soil is fertile and loose, so add organic fertilizer based on the black soil , Prepare the bed soil so that it does not need to invest a lot of money and is simple and easy, but it is necessary to do a good job in soil disinfection and reasonable planning of the border. When constructing the greenhouse, keep the 25 cm deep nutrient-rich black soil aside, and dig the lower raw soil to about 50 cm deep, throw it away, and then backfill and level the prepared black soil. At the same time, avoid the use of various chemical fertilizers, and pay attention to protecting the composition of the black soil in the northeast.

　　Second, use scientific and reasonable cultivation techniques for organic vegetable production in sunlight greenhouse

　　1. Treatment of vegetable seeds before sowing

　　First choose the Northeast soil, Suitable for the climate and environment; sterile, insect-free, and strong resistance to various diseases and insect pests; high-quality vegetable varieties with the national production and operation license number and the national seed quarantine department quarantine certificate number, so that the quality can be guaranteed.

　　Secondly, physical and chemical methods are used for seed treatment to induce seed variation, break seed dormancy, increase seed germination rate, and enhance seed resistance. For example, by placing the seeds at different temperatures to enhance the ability of the seeds to adapt to low temperatures.

　　2, scientifically accelerating germination

　　According to the characteristics of vegetable seeds, provide seeds with suitable temperature, humidity and air conditions for germination. We talked about the treatment of seeds in the previous section. The germination is carried out on the basis, but it is also possible to sow directly without germination.

　　Intensification of germination requires reasonable control of the temperature of seed germination. Vegetables grown in the solar greenhouse break the seasonal growth pattern, even if the same variety is in different seasons, the germination temperature is different. In the process of seed germination, it is necessary to always pay attention to adjust the temperature appropriately according to the germination situation of the seeds. In the early stage of germination, the temperature can be slightly lower; when the seeds begin to germinate, increase the temperature appropriately to increase the speed of seed germination. Ensure the germination rate of seeds; and lower the temperature of 4℃～5℃ after the seeds germinate, which can control the growth rate of seedlings.

　　Different vegetable seeds have different requirements for humidity. Seeds that are rich in protein have a large water absorption capacity; some seeds have oil and starch content as the main components, which require little water and absorb water slowly; while the seeds are mainly starch, which absorb water The amount will be less and the speed will be slower. Therefore, water consumption should be controlled scientifically and reasonably to avoid seeds that are difficult to germinate due to lack of water and excessive water consumption may cause seeds to rot.

　　During the germination process, clean the seeds with clean water every day, so that the seeds can be properly supplied with water, and at the same time they can breathe oxygen and discharge carbon dioxide.

　　3. Do a good job in the seedling management of organic vegetables in the solar greenhouse

　　First, control the temperature in the greenhouse. If the temperature in the greenhouse is too low in winter, it will frost the seedlings, so the temperature during the day cannot be lower 25℃, and the temperature at night should be kept at about 16℃; secondly, manage the light well, remove the grass and thatch every day, and cover the grass and thatch in the evening, and keep the greenhouse roof clean at all times. Snow, ventilate the greenhouse to avoid indoor fog. In snowy days or even cloudy days, a half-thick method should be adopted to control the temperature in the greenhouse not to rise too high, causing the seedlings to grow too fast.

　　Before sowing, water should be watered enough, and the bottom moisture content should be about 60%. Start planting seedlings. After sowing, the water should be controlled. Even if the topsoil is short of water, it should not be directly irrigated with water pipes. Do not water in the winter afternoon.

　　Do a good job in the prevention and control of pests and diseases. The main diseases at the seedling stage of vegetables are damping-off and damping-off. First of all, we must do a good job in prevention and select good varieties that are resistant to diseases; second, we must do a good job in the daily management of the greenhouse. Once the disease is discovered, the diseased vaccine should be removed immediately, and then sprayed to protect it from the rapid spread of the disease. After spraying, sprinkle some plant ash or fine dry soil to absorb moisture and prevent excessive humidity in the seedbed. There are many kinds of medicines on the market, and it is necessary to consult local agricultural technicians and adopt reliable methods for specific situations.