The origin of greenhouse development in the world

　　The origin of greenhouse cultivation abroad is the earliest in the Roman Empire. The Roman philosopher Seneca (3 BC to 69 AD) recorded the use of mica flakes as a mulch to produce premature cucumbers. According to the records of the Roman agronomist Columella and the poet Martial, in 1437 AD, in order to produce cucumbers every year, wooden boxes were used to pack soil in winter, covered with mica flakes, directly using sunlight and heat. produce. It was not until the 1617th century that protected land cultivation in other European countries and regions developed.

　　In the early 17th century, France used wooden boxes to grow early peas. Henry IV (15901629), in order to make peas mature earlier, built a sunny arched house in the north of France to cultivate early. Louis XIV(16401710) was the first to grow vegetables in a hotbed covered by glass windows and built a greenhouse with a simple glass roof.

　　The earliest greenhouse in Germany was assembled into 85.34mX9.75m temporary double-roof greenhouse in 1619.

　　According to the British naturalist Bay (Bay, 16271705), the construction of glass greenhouse similar to the German sweet orange greenhouse began in the Apothecaries garden in southwest London. In 1717, all the greenhouse were installed with glass and became the early glass greenhouse in England. In 1815, Britain began to build a greenhouse with a semi-circular curved roof. Since the beginning of the 19th century, British scholars have studied the influence of the slope of the greenhouse roof on the amount of light and the problem of greenhouse heating equipment.

　　The Dutch record of greenhouse began in 1750 in the work of French naturalist Adanson. In the early days of William I, Miller used oak wood to build a heating greenhouse and grow citrus in it And pineapple. In 1832, wooden hotbeds and greenhouse were used throughout the Netherlands for early ripening and forcing cultivation of melons and grapes, and the products were shipped to Paris and London for sale. In 1903, the first glass greenhouse was built in the Netherlands to produce vegetables. In 1967,Germing of the National Institute of Engineering of the Netherlands, pioneered the Venlo-type multi-span glass greenhouse. Because the greenhouse structure is simple and firm, the light transmission is large, the operation space is large, the environment control ability is strong, the management is convenient, the cost is relatively reasonable, and the application effect is good. Since then, it has been improved, perfected and improved several times, and different models of variants have been derived. It is still the mainstream type of multi-span glass greenhouse in the world.

　　The United States is a country of immigrants, and its greenhouse are also attracted by the arrival of European immigrants. At the beginning of the 18th century, there were written records: Andrew and Faneuil began to build greenhouse in Boston for viewing purposes. In 1764, James • Beekman (CamesBeekman) built a greenhouse in New York that was simpler and rougher than Europe at that time. In the early 19th century, the improvement of greenhouse was promoted throughout the United States. In 1806, M• built a greenhouse with a 1/3 glass roof, which was the first greenhouse with a half glass roof in the United States. In 1836, Thomas built a greenhouse with 3/4 glass roof in Chicago. In the mid-19th century, greenhouse construction industries were established throughout the United States. In 1872, a dome-type greenhouse was built as an ornamental showroom, and it was also promoted everywhere. Later, a steel structure greenhouse was built in Chicago. It was the first steel structure greenhouse to appear in the western United States. The United States has the fastest growing greenhouse in the west. At that time, there were 8,000 square meters of multi-span greenhouse, and Ohio State's largest multi-span greenhouse reached 12,000 square meters. ,

　　In Shizuoka County, during the Edo period, during the Keichang period (15961615), in Shizuoka County, the use of straw frame oil-paper window hotbeds, early spring seedlings, early-maturing cultivation of fruits and vegetables. In 1868, in Tokyo’s Aoyama, Azabu and other places, European and American glass greenhouse for the cultivation of fruit trees, vegetables and flowers were introduced. In 1889, the Japanese Fukuba built a small greenhouse in the courtyard, and in 1890 built a glass window hotbed for cultivating vegetables in the Botanical Garden in Shinjuku. It was the earliest period of Japan to cultivate vegetables in a protected area. In 1892, a formal greenhouse was built in the Botanical Garden to cultivate melons.