The development and status quo of modern greenhouses in the world

　　In a modern greenhouse in a substantial sense, its main frame is composed of section steel components that have been hot-dip galvanized and rust-proofed, with corresponding resistance to loads such as wind and snow; glass, Plastic film, hard plastic, PC sunshine board and other light-transmitting materials cover and its corresponding fastening and inlaid components such as slot, circlip, aluminum alloy profile, etc., have the performance requirements of light transmission and heat preservation; equipped with shading, cooling, Supporting equipment such as heating, ventilation, and cultivation facilities such as cultivation beds, irrigation and fertilization, and lighting supplements; as well as environmental control equipment, etc., form a complete set of technologies and facilities.

　　Modern intelligent greenhouse in Shouguang, Shandong

　　Modern greenhouse in various countries in the world were gradually improved in the 1960s Rapid development. After the Second World War, all countries are committed to their own economic development. Therefore, the economy recovers rapidly and develops rapidly, people's quality of life is greatly improved, and higher requirements are placed on agricultural products; with the advancement of science and technology and the improvement of industrial standards, the process of industrialization of agriculture has also been accelerated, and facility agriculture has emerged as the times require Health, has rapidly risen in the world, and has formed a capital, technology, and labor-intensive high-tech industry. It is also one of the most dynamic industries in the world today, and modern greenhouse have also developed rapidly.

　　From the perspective of the development of modern facility horticulture in the world, especially in developed countries, modern greenhouse are mostly large multi-span greenhouse, of which plastic film greenhouse are about 600,000 hectares ( Including China’s solar greenhouse and plastic greenhouse), which are mainly distributed in Asia; glass greenhouse are about 40,000 hectares, mainly distributed in Europe and the United States; the new cover material polycarbonate board (PC board) greenhouse have developed rapidly in recent years, and currently there are about More than 10,000 hectares are scattered all over the world.

　　Netherlands is a country with very scarce land resources. It relies on measures such as reclaiming the sea and lakes to expand its arable land. The per capita arable land is only 0.12hm2, but it can rely on modern agriculture. Make the Netherlands the third largest agricultural exporter in the world after the United States and France. The Netherlands is the country with the most developed facility horticulture. There are currently 11,000 hectares of modern greenhouse, all of which are glass greenhouse, accounting for 1/4 of the world's glass greenhouse, which are mainly used for growing vegetables and flowers. Vegetables produced indoors in the Netherlands account for 3/4 of the country’s total vegetable output, and most of them are sold all over the world. The Netherlands has a very developed flower industry, mainly cultivated in greenhouse. It is the world’s largest flower exporter and has become the world’s flower trade center. . The modern greenhouse in the Netherlands rank among the top in the world in terms of area, scale, and level. However, there is no company that specializes in manufacturing greenhouse. Although there are some professional manufacturers of accessories, the production of greenhouse and supporting facilities depends entirely on a highly socialized, A professional and international market system. The cover of the Dutch greenhouse and the insulation materials are all imported from Belgium, Sweden and other countries. The operation of greenhouse construction mainly relies on greenhouse engineering companies. There are about 78 greenhouse engineering companies with international output capabilities, whose main function is “integrated assembly” and not “manufacturing”, to obtain demand through market research Information, greenhouse design, project budget, material purchase, project contracting, etc. according to user requirements, fully reflect the characteristics of greenhouse construction. The Dutch greenhouse engineering company has been providing engineering services for the Netherlands and Europe, and expanding cooperative business to all parts of the world, especially developing countries.

　　Visit the greenhouse gardening factory in the Netherlands

　　Japan is an island country, and the per capita arable land resources are lower than ours. Beginning in the 1960s, the modern facility horticulture industry developed rapidly. The greenhouse developed from single to multi-spanning large-scale and structural metallization. By the 1970s, it was a period of rapid development. The government provided farmers with subsidies for the development of large-scale modern greenhouse. Funding 50%,other funding 30%40%, and farmers’ self-paid funds accounted for only 10% 20%, which greatly promoted the development of the facility horticulture industry and entered the world’s advanced ranks. By 1995, Japan had 4,800,000 hectares of modern greenhouse, mainly plastic film greenhouse; Japanese glass greenhouse were mostly portal-frame double-roofed large-roof multi-span greenhouse.

　　The picture shows: Students from the Department of Agronomy at the Kurokawa Farm of Meiji University in Japan enter the greenhouse for internship

　　Korea in World War II After that, the economy recovered rapidly, especially after the 1980s, the economy developed rapidly, and the facility horticulture industry also developed rapidly. By 1997, the greenhouse area had reached 4.750,000 hectares, mainly plastic film greenhouse. , The overall level is slightly lower.

　　South Korean reporters visit a smart greenhouse for nursery in Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

　　The United States is a big country, and its general guiding ideology is Engage in proper cultivation. As the country spans several climatic zones, it is possible to cultivate in a suitable place, and to achieve a balanced listing through developed roads and air transportation. However, due to its highly developed economy, high quality of life, higher requirements for agricultural products, especially vegetables, fruits, flowers, etc., facility gardening has also developed rapidly. The greenhouse area in the United States is about 19,000 hectares, most of which are glass greenhouse, and a few are double-layer inflatable plastic film greenhouse. In recent years, a small number of polycarbonate(PC) board greenhouse have also been built. Greenhouses in the United States are mainly used to grow Hanadon, which accounts for about 2/3 of the greenhouse area. The United States has advanced greenhouse equipment, world-class production level, and very thoughtful social services, and attaches great importance to the research of cutting-edge technology. The modern greenhouse industry in the United States also operates under a highly socialized, professional, and international market system.

　　The picture shows: Visit the intelligent greenhouse gardening in the United States

　　Israel’s modern facility gardening has its own distinctive features, although after World War II The country was founded, but facility horticulture developed rapidly. By 1994, there were approximately 0.21 million hectares of modern greenhouse. Large-scale plastic film multi-span greenhouse were used to make full use of the advantages of light and heat resources and advanced water-saving irrigation technology. It produces Hanadon and high-end vegetables. The products are mainly sold to the Western European market. (1998) The annual output of fresh cut flowers is 1.58 billion, and the export volume of flowers ranks third in the world. Because of the advantages of light and heat resources and the high-quality products in the greenhouse, Western Europeans joked: "We Western Europeans paid a high price and bought the Israeli sun. ”

　　In addition, due to the better climatic conditions on the Mediterranean coast, the facility gardening industry has also developed rapidly, such as Italy has 15,400 hectares of greenhouse (1996), France has 5,500 hectares (1996), Spain has 210,000 hectares (1996), and Portugal has 20,000 hectares (1996), mainly large-scale multi-span plastic film greenhouse. ; Some Eastern European countries, such as Hungary has 2300 hectares of greenhouse (1996), Czech Republic 0.36 million hectares(1996), Romania 0.12 million hectares (1996), mainly glass greenhouse, mostly Venlostructures, The overall level of supporting equipment and control of the main skeleton is lower than that of the Netherlands; Northern Europe has 16,700 hectares of greenhouse (1995), mainly glass greenhouse; America has 15,600 hectares of greenhouse.